paper 15 assignment

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Name: Joshi Riddhi

Topic: Use of cinema in eduaction

Roll no: 30

Paper no 15: Mass Media and Mass communication

M.A: Sem-4

Enrolment no. : 2069108420180028

Year: 2017-19

E-mail: Www.riddhij8@gmail.com

Submitted to:

S.B. Gardi Department of English

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji

Bhavnagar University

 

When the school film club planned to take an autistic boy on a trip to London's Leicester Square to watch War Horse, his mother was worried. He wouldn't make it through the tube journey, she warned, let alone the cinema experience. Having survived both by keeping his anorak zipped well up over his nose, the boy was asked what he thought of the film. "It was very interesting," he replied. "I put my hand up to my face when the horse was stuck in the barbed wire and it was wet. That's never happened to me before," he added, revealing how for the first time a film had moved him to tears.

The power of film to make an emotional connection and how best to enable people to experience this power through education was the theme of a roundtable discussion hosted earlier this month by the Guardian in association with Filmclub, part of the new charity Film Nation UK, which aims to put film at the heart of children and young people's learning and cultural experience.

Special needs teacher Liz Warne's story of the cinema trip involving the Orchards community middle school in Worthing, West Sussex, was one of numerous examples cited by speakers at the debate of how film clubs had helped break down barriers – emotional and otherwise.

There was the way the film club at Whickham School, Gateshead, had brought together children from very different family backgrounds when culture clashes between them meant their relationships elsewhere could be volatile. There was the showing of the film Duck Soup – its simple narrative and black and white photography allowed children on the autistic spectrum to watch a film with their peers and for the first time laugh at the same moments. There was the thrill of children with severe learning difficulties at Beacon Hill academy in Thurrock, Essex seeing themselves inserted into scenes from You've Been Framed and projected on to the wall. And then there was the elective mute at another school who spoke to her teacher for the first time to ask to audition for a place in a film they were making, and who has since proved a star performer.

Film clubs are being run in more than 7,000 schools, with 220,000 young people watching, discussing and reviewing film. This service provides, for free, a curated catalogue of DVDs, curriculum-linked guides, film-making tutorials and a members magazine. It also offers masterclasses in film-making, reviewing and programming, and gives film club members the opportunity to post reviews on its website.

It merged with the young people's filmmaking charity, First Light in September to form Film Nation UK and is funded by a number of organisations including the British Film Institute, which awarded £26m lottery funding

Jane Fletcher, schools support director at Film Nation UK, said film watching, understanding and making was a fantastic opportunity, and also a cultural entitlement. "At the end of four years of funding we are hoping to show the validity of that, so film becomes accepted alongside literature, art and music in schools and in the broader world."

A key value of film in education, the roundtable agreed, was that it was a leveller. Samantha Evenson, who runs two primary school film clubs, said: "We have children who have no books at home but immediately have confidence talking about film because it is something they have engaged with already. With a book, they may think they don't have the level of experience needed or feel they aren't bright enough to talk about it."

Even children with severe learning difficulties and disabilities who struggle with any kind of academic curriculum can often relate to film, said Andy Terrington, post-16 team leader at Beacon Hill academy: "Film is a universal language."

As a result, it can be used to spark discussions about issues that could be difficult to tackle, such as racism or homophobia said Joe Goff, a year 11 pupil who runs the film club at Lawnswood secondary school, Leeds.

And Malcolm Richards, a tutor at New River college, a pupil referral unit in Islington, north London, said there was a small group of films, such as Bullet Boy and Kidulthood, telling stories that young, urban kids strongly related to. "Those films are really, really important and can act as a gateway to film literacy," he said. While many explored adult themes, so had to be handled sensitively, it was nevertheless valuable to show they were as valid and open to analysis as a film directed by Alfred Hitchcock.

Denise Rose, a facilitator for Mouth That Roars, which helps young people who would not usually have access to media equipment make their own films, said many were misrepresented in the media and saw themselves as victims, or in terms of negative stereotypes. Critiquing the way films were constructed and the decisions made by producers could therefore be empowering, whether it involved analyzing the news or EastEnders.

Popcorn was important as a way of creating a real cinema experience and enticing children to engage, agreed those who ran film clubs, as was giving pupils some kind of ownership of the club, which often meant allowing them to help decide what to watch. But it was also valuable to encourage them to try films they were not automatically drawn to – and feel free to be critical or won-over. Children at one film club were persuaded to watch The Truman Show by the mantra "risk it for a biscuit" – but once the biscuits were finished, they found themselves gripped by the story.

Many cited examples of how skills and teaching techniques employed in film clubs had spilled over into the curriculum, whether it was getting students to produce animation storyboards in literacy lessons or using films to introduce a lesson topic.

This is something the new merged charity plans to develop further, along with training teachers, face-to-face and online, to help them make better use of the film resources available to them.

But the roundtable agreed it was about more than education. Fletcher said the British film industry was booming, and it was important that young people from all backgrounds became involved, for the sake of the industry as well as themselves. "What we are hoping to do is open up the film industry so less traditional young people look behind the scenes and think 'Maybe I could do that,'" she said.

Noel Goodwin, an education programmer for young people at the British Film Institute, said it was also about careers beyond films. "There will be more and more jobs out there that involve the creation of digital content and require basic film-making techniques," he said.

Roundtable participants recognised that unpaid internships remained a problem and that deeper outreach was needed if young people from all backgrounds were to access the opportunities available.

Resources were also an issue for some. Richards said that while he had a projector and a room to show his students films, he had nothing for film-making – something that the new charity hopes will be a bigger part of school life in future.

He said it was important to gather evidence of how valuable watching and making films could be in order to strengthen the case for support. "We all know how Filmclub is fantastic," he said. "But having to convince an executive head teacher or someone from the local council is more difficult."

Goodwin argued that the government also needed lobbying to ensure that film was embedded in the curriculum and that film studies were considered as viable an option for pupils as music and art.

But Abigail Moss, deputy director of the Literacy Trust, pointed out that with the end of both the numeracy and literacy strategies, film was now the only national strategy programme to be supported in schools.

There was another reason for optimism too – the natural film-making talent of many young people. Some of the films posted online by teenagers who had made them with minimal equipment in their bedrooms were of astonishingly high quality, noted several roundtable participants.

Nick Foxell, an independent film-maker, said that regardless of its value for acquiring skills or a future career, film-making could be hugely empowering. "We all know the big screen has a magic," he said. "It bestows authority and validates people's experience."

And if any lobbying needed to be done to persuade potential supporters of this fact, there was a really good medium available for it, he argued – film.

To participate in Film Nation UK's Filmclub programme, which offers free access to thousands of films and education resources, visit: filmclub.org; email support@filmclub.org

Key discussion points

• Film is a leveller – children can relate to it no matter what their family background or learning abilities.

• The UK film industry is booming but it needs to be open as a career to a more diverse group of young people.

• Teachers may not have the time or confidence to use film effectively in lessons so training and support are important.

• Film can be a gateway to exploring complex ideas and open children's eyes to other ways of looking at the world.

• Young people are increasingly visually literate and the curriculum needs to reflect this

Works Cited

The Gaurdian. <https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/2013/nov/19/film-education-learning-tool-inclusion>.

Paper 14 assignment

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Name: Joshi Riddhi

Topic: Once upon a time poem analysis

Roll no: 30

Paper no:14 African Literature

M.A: Sem-4

Enrolment no. : 2069108420180028

Year: 2017-19

E-mail: Www.riddhij8@gmail.com

Submitted to:

S.B. Gardi Department of English

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji

Bhavnagar University

Summary of Poem and introduction:

The poet of the poem “Once upon a time” is Gabriel Okara who is a Nigerian. He was born on 24th or 21st of April in the year 1921.In that year Nigeria got independence from Britain so at that time they were still influenced by the British culture. The background of the poem is that he is remembering the way people used to behave and interact with each other and he is comparing it with how people interact with others now. How the people used to do things with their hearts and with pleasure and happiness. It describes what happens when a traditional African culture and civilisation meets with the western culture. My personal opinion of the purpose of this poem is to outline the behaviour and personality people have at the moment and try and bring them back to the personality that people used to have, when they used to do things with emotion and with their heart

The poem is a conversation between a father and his son where the son does things with emotion and the father wants to forget his fake personality and re-learn and create real personalities from his son. And he is asking the son to show him how to express true love and show real personality to others.

It the first stanza the author mentions that people used to laugh with their heart they used to laugh with their emotions, when they would laugh they would do it wholeheartedly and with warmth and they used to laugh with their eyes and show pleasure with them. And know they do it with only their teeth not with their heart, meaning they do not really want to laugh but do it just to get closer to you and with their darky gloomy cold eyes they watch you and wait for you from the corner of their eyes waiting for you to leave “search behind my shadow”. In my opinion the words “they” refer to the white people who had invaded their country and influenced them with their culture. In this stanza the words “ice-block-cold eyes” is used these words emphasize the coldness and the inner hatred they have for you like they can freeze water with their gaze. These also make the poem feel a bit dark and cold and a slight bit sinister

In the second stanza he further talks about the personalities of the people of the past he says “they used to shake with their hearts” here he is trying to say that when you would meet each other you will shake their hands with pleasure and with warmth and do it willingly. “While their left hands search my empty pockets” from this we can see that they are trying to use him to get to his money or receive something from him. This also shows that the people’s personalities are not real and true

In the third stanza he is talking about when people ask you to come again and say “feel at home” you go there once, twice and the third time they will not let you in thinking that you are a pest and that they do not wanted to see you anymore. The words “feel at home” is used for when you want a guest to feel welcomed and that they belong in that household. Here he mentions that “I find the doors shut on me” this shows that they do not even open the door to tell him that he is not wanted and the moment but instead leaves the door closed keeping him standing outside. This also shows that when people speak they lie not telling the truth but just saying something nice to grasp their heart.

In the fourth stanza he talks about how he has learned to put on faces like how outfits and masks are put on at different times, and with different people you act differently, for example in the office you act in one way to a person but when you meet them on the street you act another way to them, and how all the faces that people have on different occasions. He says “I have learned too” which is suggesting that he has also changed with the change of the people around him. he also mentions “with all their conforming smiles like a fixed portrait” suggesting that they all have the same smile all the time not showing any true emotion.

In the fifth stanza he says that he has also been influenced by the people around him and he has learned to keep his true personality a secret and show the world a fake personality, “to laugh with only me teeth” this part is connected with the part in the first stanza “they only laugh with their teeth” from this you can see a comparison of what people do and what he does now. This also shows that he has changed to blend in with the environment. Here in the part where he says “I have also learned to say `Goodbye’ when I mean `Good-riddance’ that is pointing out to the fact that they will, without thinking and without meaning it they will say “Goodbye”. He mentions forward “that Glad to meet you” meaning that he is happy to see you and is happy with your presence “without being glad” meaning that the did not wanted to talk to you and they disliked your presence and if they could they would of avoided you and “it’s been nice talking to you, after being bored” saying that they say things that they do not mean

In the fifth stanza he concludes it all saying that he does not like what he has become and he wants to be like he used to be when he was like a child so small and innocent. He points out that he really wants to learn how to laugh with emotions like you really mean it and he compares his laugh like that of a snake’s fangs that shows only the teeth snakes are those menacing creatures that are full of venom and can never be trusted and to compare his laugh with a snake gives the image that the man really does not like his fake personality. This stanza sums it well by giving the image to the reader that he is not happy and satisfied with himself

The last stanza is the farther asking and pleading to his son to show him how to laugh and smile like he did when he was a child. The last line sums up the entire poem really well making sure that all strings are tied

The structure of the poem is really good and consistent most of the stanzas have 6 lines in them. It is a very nice poem with a nice smooth flow

Poem:

Once upon a time, son,
they used to laugh with their hearts
and laugh with their eyes:
but now they only laugh with their teeth,
while their ice-block-cold eyes
search behind my shadow.

There was a time indeed
they used to shake hands with their hearts:
but that’s gone, son.
Now they shake hands without hearts
while their left hands search
my empty pockets.

‘Feel at home!’ ‘Come again’:
they say, and when I come
again and feel
at home, once, twice,
there will be no thrice-
for then I find doors shut on me.

So I have learned many things, son.
I have learned to wear many faces
like dresses – homeface,
officeface, streetface, hostface,
cocktailface, with all their conforming smiles
like a fixed portrait smile.

And I have learned too
to laugh with only my teeth
and shake hands without my heart.
I have also learned to say,’Goodbye’,
when I mean ‘Good-riddance’:
to say ‘Glad to meet you’,
without being glad; and to say ‘It’s been
nice talking to you’, after being bored.

But believe me, son.
I want to be what I used to be
when I was like you. I want
to unlearn all these muting things.
Most of all, I want to relearn
how to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror
shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs!

So show me, son,
how to laugh; show me how
I used to laugh and smile
once upon a time when I was like you.

Analysis

The heart is a symbol of genuine emotions, and the eyes the conveyor of the same (as sincere feelings are communicated through the eyes). Once upon a time people used to smile and shake hands with their hearts. Though they were rooted in primitivism, the emotions they embodied were genuine. Now, in the contemporary post-colonial context, the smile is purely plastic as it reveals only the teeth. The eyes are devoid of emotion and phrased as 'ice-block.' They appear without the slightest trace of warmth and humanity. They search behind the speakers shadows, as their intentions and motives are not explicit. They are now characterized by ulterior motives. There was a time when their very greeting (shaking of hands) was heart-felt. The ‘right hand’ here is the metaphor for the projected intention. The left hand for the ‘intended intention.’ The left hand gropes in the empty pockets of the speaker.

Niceties like “Feel at home!' and 'Come again' are reiterated just for the sake of formalities. However, when the speaker makes an appearance for the third time, there is certainly a marked change in their behavior. Leave alone the thought of a warm reception, the doors are closed on him. The speaker has now learned to conform to this sophisticated world driven by calculation and manipulation. He talks of many faces that are nothing but metaphors of masks and disguises designed to suit specific needs and situations:

I have learned to wear many faces
like dresses - homeface,
officeface, streetface, hostface,
cocktailface, with all their conforming smiles
like a fixed portrait smile.

The portrait smile is a symbolic act of something that is not felt, but done purely for the sake of it. Conforming to the so-called refined culture the poet has attuned himself with the rest and learnt to smile only with his teeth and greet (shake hands) without any trace of sincerity (heart):

I have also learned to say, 'Goodbye',
when I mean 'Good-riddance';
to say 'Glad to meet you',
without being glad; and to say 'It's been
nice talking to you', after being bored.

'Goodbye' is an expression that originated from the blessing 'God be with ye.' It’s meaning has deteriorated to 'Good-riddance'. In the pseudo-modern fast-forward life people have lost the power to connect as human beings and communicate in naturalness. The poet tells his son that he wishes to transcend into the innocence of childhood characterized by purity where the soul is closer to God, as Wordsworth claimed in his Intimations Ode. He wants to unlearn all the muting things of sophistication. Particularly, he wants relearn to smile as now the poison is becoming more obvious with the fangs showing. The showing of the fangs emblematizes how the people were transforming from their seeming disguise to shameless display of iniquity. The symbol of the snake also points to the first sin of Man.

So show me, son,
how to laugh; show me how
I used to laugh and smile
once upon a time when I was like you. (UKessays)

Towards the end of the poem, the speaker entreats with the son to teach him to emote. The poem, therefore exemplifies that 'Child is the Father of Man.'

Works Cited

MK, Rukhaya. owlcation. 21 march 2018. <https://owlcation.com/humanities/Analysis-of-Symbolism-in-Gabriel-Okaras-Once-Upon-a-Time>.

UKessays. 18 May 2017. <https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-literature/the-poem-once-upon-a-time-english-literature-essay.php>.

paper 13 assignment

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Name: Joshi Riddhi

Topic: Globalisation in One night @ the call center

Roll no: 30

Paper no 13: New Literature

M.A: Sem-4

Enrolment no. : 2069108420180028

Year: 2017-19

E-mail: Www.riddhij8@gmail.com

Submitted to:

S.B. Gardi Department of English

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji

Bhavnagar university

 

Introduction of Author:

Chetan Bhagat is one of the great Indian writers. Chetan Bhagat in his books always writes about the young India. In his books he always writes about the problem in Indian society. Chetan Bhagat also who is a best seller of his books.

             Bhagat is also columnist for newspaper such as “The Times of India” and “Dainik Bhaskar”, where he writes about the youth career development and current affairs. “The New York” times called him as “The biggest selling English language novelist in India’s history”.

             Time magazine named him amongst the 100 most influential people in the world and fast company, U. S. A. listed him as one of the world’s 100 most creative people in business. In the novels he uses very simple language so that reader can easily understand and prefers to read more.

            Bhagat’s novels have been adapted into Bollywood films like, 2 States, 3 idiots, Kai po che!, Hello,  etc.

Chetan Bhagat’s famous works:

1)               Five Point Someone (2004)

2)               One Night @ the Call Center (2005)

3)               The 3 Mistakes of My Life (2008)

4)               2 States (2009)

5)                Revolution 2020 (2011)

6)               What Young India Wants(2012)

7)               Half Girlfriend (2014)

Let’s see the Globalisation in One night @ the call center.

                                      One night @ the call center was made into a movie in 2008 with the title Hello, directed by Atul Agnihotri. Novel follows a group of six friends who work at a call center in India The six characters in the book are deeply disturbed by their own troubles, but rather than finding solutions to their problems, they  just get more intertwined in them due to their refusal to deal with their issues. Shyam Mehra is a narrator and the most important character of the book. Hero of the book along with his close friend Vroom (varun malhotra). Varun is the most carefree person in novel. He has a soft corner for his colleague Esha. Esha is an attractive girl. She wants to become a model. She went to cross the limits of sleeping with the designer to get the contract. Radhika Jha is already married. She stays with her husband and in-laws house. She has great trust and love for her husband. Priyanka is an intelligent and a practical girl and loves shyam. She broke up with him. Priyanka is initially happy about her new engagement with ganesh Gupta. After all the conflict and facing all the problems she chooses her love shyam and marry with him. Last Military Uncle lives alone so he works at the call center to earn some extra money.

What is Globalisation:

Cities and the urban zones are at the core of development strategy of globalization. They are the grounds where all the factors condusive for globalization can handily come together and show results. In order to attain socio-economic and politico-cultural integration of the world's population, well developed cities are the demand of the time. Bhagat's fictions reflect the scene in globalizing cities in India. In his One Night @ the Call Center we come across fast growing city structures like Gurgaon (Haryana), where now massive apartments and commercial malls are under construction, where people feel that they are moving through the maze of construction sites. Here there are long and broad highways, making journey easier. A number of efforts to remove infrastructural constraints in order to facilitate the process of globalization are underway. The BPO sector rapidly developed in urban India and could create lakhs of jobs by the mid of first decade of 21st century (M.G. Basava Raja 1015). This BPO industry makes itself felt in Bhagat's Gurgaon. Here there is a BPO, 'Connexions Call Centre', People travel all the way from their homes in Delhi over to Gurgaon, because it offers jobs to them. Here from the calls of the customers in America are answered, and the ball is kept rolling in America and down here in India. Virtually the economy of two countries seems to have integrated at a point. Gurgaon keeps awake 24/7. It is a picture of a reality that almost all the Metropolitans and the cities on the way to follow in the footsteps, keep up likewise. The story of 2 States takes us to Ahmedabad, Delhi and Chennai, the cities which are among a selected few as preferred career destinations in India. Ahmedabad along with traditional educational institutions, houses the institutional campuses such as; IIM and IIT, helping people avail themselves of global opportunities. This mushrooming of such institutions resulted due to liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation (LPG). Metropolitans and the potential urban zones are the places where Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as advocated by international community is being attracted, and provided the proper global atmosphere. For example Citibank in 2 States makes its business here in India, hiring labour and resources from here only.

Globalization has increased the pace of movement of people, goods and the economy across the national lines. Bhagat very comfortably depicts this atmosphere in the above cited works. Therein we see people moving about quite frequently. The six people working in ON@CC are picked up by a call center's car every night from their respective homes in Delhi, and are dropped at their work place at Gurgaon, and vice-versa when their duty hours are over in morning. This commuting consumes near about five hours of their daily life. The Manager of the call centre, Bakshi, is almost dying to be promoted to work at Boston. The Protagonist, krish Malhotra, and his beloved Ananya Swaminathan in 2 States, working in multinationals (MNCs), find out reasons to travel from Delhi to Chennai, and vice-versa in order to serve for their organizations. Both the fictions show us the relatives living in US, and often visiting India for some family events, mostly for choosing their prospective brides. Even the parents look forward to marriage offers from NRIs for their daughters. In both the books we see businesses of one country doing quite well in other ones,

The young generation shown in both the fictions possesses a sense of competition, at the same time it is quite ambitious and wants to do everything that is possible to climb up the career ladder as higher as possible. In ON@CC the protagonist, Shyam Mehra, named in office as Sam Marcy, as it sounded to be a globally suited name, earlier worked in an ad agency but due to low payment he left the agency, and joined this call centre. Now Sam aspires to become a team leader from being merely an agent, so that he could prove himself as having guts and also become worthy to marry Priyanka. Shyam is a fine web designer. For the main bay of his company that dealt with the computer related problems of the US based customers he designs a trouble-shooting web site. Vroom an ambitious youth, is also a trouble-shooter. In an effort to save the endangered job positions of the call center employees due to slack in computer and software industry, Vroom subtly strikes upon an idea, that he could scare the US based customers into calling them. Only that the customers were to be told that their PCs were hit by some virus, spread by evil forces, and only the experts of this company could save them out of this. Thus he buys time from the company authorities, and succeeds in saving the call centre from closing down. By the end both Shyam and Vroom decide to start their own web designing firm.

Growing awareness of technology and the use of it have definitely exposed India to a new environment. This change has come about due to strong wish of youths to participate in the technological revolution that is going on all around the world. Both the fictions of Bhagat show techno-friendly youths, participating in the development, use and the spread of it. All the people working at the call center in his fiction handle the calls and computers easily. Through certain episodes, Bhagat has underlined a palpable difference between the young and the old generation where the young generation in comparison with the old one is technologically more participative. Vroom and Shyam develop a trouble-shooting web site that could be helpful for their company. They tell so to their manager but the manager being an opportunist presents the said web site in his own name, however by the end he is taken care of, as the new generation is sharper than the old one. In 2 States Krish helps his manager of Citibank in preparation of a Power Point Presentation. Likewise he also helps his would-be father-in-law to make a PPT to be presented at his job place.

Along with being competitive, ambitious, and techno-savvy, the generation in Bhagat's fiction is trendy as well. The global trend has not left the society untouched. Due to free incoming of values, costumes, dresses, and the living habits of western world, the basis of Indian culture has been greatly influenced.(P. Sam, and G. Sam. 1051) In ON@CC Esha wants to be a model that is why she maintains herself in figure and outlook, she has even worn a navel ring. Vroom for keeping in touch with the ongoing time logs onto net, and makes his choices based on it. These six people, when they go through a very troublesome night, visit a disco which is kept open even at dawn. There we see girls, carrying themselves in zero figure, clad in meagre clothes. A fully-clad female is scanned scornfully by others. Here young boys and girls dance to the tune of European music. In 2 states Krish is made to go out with a girl by his mother, so that they could get acquainted with each other, and consequently would agree to marry. The girl even though only half-educated is a humble trend-follower in dress, design and manners. The female cousins of Krish, when they are in their family marriage event, secretly want to drink Vodka and other alcoholic drinks. They are

In Bhagat's fiction the attitude of youths towards love, marriage, and sex is not at all emotional, on the contrary it is quite casual. Love, as it is an instinctual feeling, the young generation feels the vibrations of it every now and then but the expression of it and the carrying of their love relationships have definitely changed. As we see in his fictions, there are love proposals and rejections of them but everything is taken quite healthily or say in a matter- of- fact way. Vroom in the call centre loved Esha, and proposed her three to four times, and she kept rejecting him all these times. Even though it is so, they work together and maintain quite a healthy friendship. Shyam and Priyanka had been in relation ever since their college time. When they thought that they should break up, they formally come together and put a break to their relationship. Ultimately after all said and done they come together, and decide to marry but the things that happen in between show us the changed relation equations of our time. Shyam as he says wanted to 'move on', a new terminology in the subject 'Love', develops a casual love relationship with another girl at the call center. A marriage proposal of an NRI working in Microsoft, entertains Priyanka's fancy for the time being but when she learns about the baldness of the guy, her affection turns once again towards Shyam.

Krish and Ananya in 2 States fall in love with each other in a strange way. At IIM Ahmadabad, they started studying together in Ananya's room. Krish could not concentrate on his studies, as every time his attention would be caught by Ananya's looks. Out rightly he told her so and the relationship got started quite surprisingly. Particularly in this work, Love marriage and sex in case of Krish and Ananya come together in a more mature way. They love and want to marry each other because they share a mutual understanding, one of the major components in marriage. They look at sex as a but- obvious thing in love. That is why they indulge in sex every now and then. Thus both the fictions depict an urban reality that the young generation is more in favour of love marriages than in arranged ones. The attitude of this generation towards sex is not laden with guilt. They look at sex as a way of expressing their love for their partner. While depicting this acceptable reality Bhagat also shows us nonsense sometimes committed by fickle-minded youth. People are so much fancied by the word love, that sometimes love relations get started even between the people calling and receiving wrong numbers.

With growing urbanization and globalization a number of opportunities have opened up all around. Men and Women are no more seen through the old spectacle which marked men as superior and women as inferior. In this global atmosphere, so far belittled women are given their due place and respect. With their own intellect and abilities they are seen to be working shoulder to shoulder with men. Thus this 21st century is of all, men and women equal. Even in case of marriages, now girls assert their own opinions and choices. In ON@CC the number of men and women working in call center is equal. Women work even in night shifts. They earn their own living and make career choices. For example Esha for getting in Modelling left her home and came to Delhi to translate her dream into reality. Priyanka is a good daughter but in case of marriage she makes her own choice. Ananya, in 2 States in order to marry Krish tries to convince her parents till the end. In her case her parents deserve a round of applause for their open-mindedness who show the heart to

This new environment along with multiple boons has given birth to certain curses also, that are listed and discussed below:

Consumerism: With the ever growing global scene, among various offshoots of globalization, 'Consumerism' came out as one of the major sprawling things. In Bhagat's Call Center novel consumerism is criticized as an unjustifiable behaviour: a kind of craze to get hold of things, when you don't even need them. To inject and promote this behaviour sometimes advertisement agencies sell all kind of nonsense ideas. The subtle observation of the writer at one point definitely makes us to reflect on the nonsense fair that we have been wandering in. The six characters in the story, in order to relieve themselves of troublesome and painful night experience, visit a night club. On the return journey as Vroom feels like vomiting, gets down along with Shaym, where they see several advertising hoardings along the road:

".... showing all kinds of people: a couple all smiles because they had just bought a toothbrush; a group of friends giggling over their mobile phones; a family happily feeding their kid junk food; a young graduate jumping with joy, clutching a credit card; a girl holding seven shopping bags and beaming. All the ads had one thing in common. Everyone looked incredibly happy"

Upon it Vroom says, "What the hell are they so happy about? .... Look at that toothbrush couple. My mom and dad, they are never that happy." (Bhagat 211)

It is a reality, as Vroom says further, that nobody cares for anything, The channels who say they are for today's youth, say so, "....because they want the damn Pizza Huts and Cokes and Pepsis of the world to come and give their ads to them ....we will be happy. Like young people don't have a fucking brain" (213). In 2 States not so emphatically but at times we see Cola and other soft drinks being consumed by new generation quite comfortably at the restaurants like Pizza Hut and Barista.

Eroding values: With growing urban mindset a grossly compromising attitude is seen to be sipping in human behaviour. Mr. V.R. Panchamukhi in his essay, 'India vision - 2020' rightly says: "One dimension of development process which is totally ignored in the recent years is that of erosion of 'Values' in our society....As a result of excessive emphasis on cut throat competition for maximum acquisition of materialistic benefits, many cherished values of life are getting fast eroded....'value of contentment', 'value of cooperation', 'value of self-restraint in consumerism', 'value of unbiasedness', 'value of independence in thinking', 'value of providing ideal leadership', 'value of managing oneself before managing other', 'value of knowledge and commitment as prime movers of action', the 'value of duties as against right' , etc., are all getting eroded in the highly materialistic paradigm of development and structural changes that are taking place around us with immense speed and complexity." The call center employee Esha for getting modelling assignments, gets ready to sleep with an influential person in the concerned field. When even after this compromise she doesn't get a way-in, she realises the horrible mistake she made. This example of hers reveals a disgusting reality in the world of modelling and fashion. At the same time it shows us a limitlessly compromising attitude that has come over today's youth.

Thus the fictional works of Bhagat: One Night @ the Call Center & 2 States reflect the changing urban realities in globalizing India. Through these works Bhagat subtly portrays the fast growing cities and urban zones along with all the global factors, affecting the life, experience, dreams, and attitudes of today's youth. Bhagat very comfortably depicts women empowerment as one of the positive effects of globalization, at the same time, consumerism, eroding values, and rising fears and anxieties of urban Indians as some of the negative offshoots of it can not escape his piercing observations. The works cited above can be considered as the subjective fictional stories of the changing urban India.

(Bhagat)

Works Cited

-Bhagat, Chetan. One night @ the call center. 2005.

 

-Anil Kshirsagar, Mrs.R.P.Bonde, Dr.Suvrna T. Shinde. "Globalisation and urban realities in India in Chetan Bhgat's One night @ the call center and @ states." The international Journal in english (2012): 8.

Bhagat, Chetan. One night @ the call center. 2005.